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Compare New Zealand (2003) - Christmas Island (2001)
Compare New Zealand (2003) z Christmas Island (2001)
| New Zealand (2003) | Christmas Island (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 16 regions; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, West Coast | none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 21.9% (male 443,837; female 423,118)
15-64 years: 66.5% (male 1,318,751; female 1,307,796) 65 years and over: 11.6% (male 199,722; female 258,083) (2003 est.) |
0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish | NA |
| Airports | 113 (2002) | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 46
over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 28 under 914 m: 5 (2002) |
total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 67
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 26 under 914 m: 39 (2002) |
- |
| Area | total: 268,680 sq km
land: NA sq km water: NA sq km note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands |
total:
135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about the size of Colorado | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances. | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. The phosphate mine, closed in 1987, was reopened four years later, but the need for an alternative industry has spurred investment in tourism. Old mining areas are being restored, and almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. |
| Birth rate | 14.14 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues: $29.2 billion
expenditures: $31.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2002) |
revenues:
$NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Capital | Wellington | The Settlement |
| Climate | temperate with sharp regional contrasts | tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds |
| Coastline | 15,134 km | 138.9 km |
| Constitution | consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter | Christmas Island Act of 1958 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: New Zealand abbreviation: NZ |
conventional long form:
Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island |
| Currency | New Zealand dollar (NZD) | Australian dollar (AUD) |
| Death rate | 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $33 billion (2002 est.) | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories |
| Dependent areas | Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Charles J. SWINDELLS
embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000 FAX: [64] (4) 472-3478 consulate(s) general: Auckland |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador L. John WOOD
chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency) | none |
| Economic aid - donor | ODA, $99.7 million | - |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $NA |
| Economy - overview | Since 1984 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, transforming New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. While per capita incomes have been rising, however, they remain below the level of the four largest EU economies, and there is some government concern that New Zealand is not closing the gap. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth, and it has been affected by the global economic slowdown and the slump in commodity prices. Thus far the New Zealand economy has been relatively resilient, although growth may slow to 2.5% in 2003. | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened by union workers. With the support of the government, Australian-based Casinos Austria International Ltd. built a $34 million casino on Christmas Island, which opened in 1993. As of yearend 1999, gaming facilities at the casino were temporarily closed but were expected to reopen in early 2000. Another economic prospect is the possible location of a space-launching site on the island. |
| Electricity - consumption | 34.88 billion kWh (2001) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2001) | - |
| Electricity - production | 37.51 billion kWh (2001) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 31.6%
hydro: 57.8% nuclear: 0% other: 10.7% (2001) |
fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m |
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation |
- |
| Ethnic groups | New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4% | Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population |
| Exchange rates | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.16 (2002), 2.38 (2001), 2.2 (2000), 1.89 (1999), 1.87 (1998) | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001)
head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA July 2002) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general |
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
| Exports | 30,220 bbl/day (2001) | $NA |
| Exports - commodities | dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery | phosphate |
| Exports - partners | Australia 20.3%, US 15.5%, Japan 11.5%, UK 4.8%, China 4.6%, South Korea 4.4% (2002) | Australia, NZ |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation | the flag of Australia is used |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $78.4 billion (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 8%
industry: 23% services: 69% (2001) |
agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $20,100 (2002 est.) | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3.3% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 41 00 S, 174 00 E | 10 30 S, 105 40 E |
| Geography - note | about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean |
| Heliports | 1 (2002) | - |
| Highways | total: 92,053 km
paved: 57,809 km (including at least 190 km of expressways) unpaved: 34,244 km (2000) |
total:
140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry) paved: 30 km unpaved: 110 km (1999) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 0.3%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.) |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | 119,700 bbl/day (2001) | $NA |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics | consumer goods |
| Imports - partners | Australia 22.1%, US 13.6%, Japan 12%, China 8%, Germany 5.2% (2002) | principally Australia |
| Independence | 26 September 1907 (from UK) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 3% (2001 est.) | NA% |
| Industries | food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 6.07 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.7% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| International organization participation | ABEDA, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, C, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNMOP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO | none |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 36 (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 2,850 sq km (1998 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | High Court; Court of Appeal | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court |
| Labor force | 1.92 million (2001 est.) | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | services 65%, industry 25%, agriculture 10% (1995) | tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 5.8%
permanent crops: 6.44% other: 87.76% (1998 est.) |
arable land:
NA% permanent crops: NA% permanent pastures: NA% forests and woodland: NA% other: NA% note: mainly tropical rainforest of which 60%-70% is in a national park |
| Languages | English (official), Maori (official) | English, Chinese, Malay |
| Legal system | based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for the Maori; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; 69 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, and 51 proportional seats chosen from party lists, all to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 27 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NZLP 52, NP 27, NZFP 13, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 9, UF 8, other 2 |
unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 78.32 years
male: 75.34 years female: 81.44 years (2003 est.) |
total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% (1980 est.) male: NA% female: NA% |
- |
| Location | Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia |
| Map references | Oceania | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
contiguous zone:
12 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 69,685 GRT/106,627 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 2, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1 (2002 est.) |
none (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Military branches | New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $605.7 million (FY02) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1% (FY02) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 1,021,770 (2003 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 859,505 (2003 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - military age | 20 years of age (2003 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males: 26,803 (2003 est.) | - |
| National holiday | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) | NA |
| Nationality | noun: New Zealander(s)
adjective: New Zealand |
noun:
Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island |
| Natural hazards | earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
| Natural resources | natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone | phosphate |
| Net migration rate | 4.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Pipelines | gas 2,213 km; liquid petroleum gas 79 km; oil 160 km; refined products 304 km (2003) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | ACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Alliance (a coalition of the New Labor Party, Democratic Party, New Zealand Liberal Party, and Mana Motuhake) [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE] | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | none |
| Population | 3,951,307 (July 2003 est.) | 2,771 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.09% (2003 est.) | 7.77% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington | Flying Fish Cove |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998) | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 1,000 (1997) |
| Railways | total: 3,898 km
narrow gauge: 3,898 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2002) |
24 km to serve phosphate mines |
| Religions | Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986) | Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% (1991) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
- |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems
domestic: NA international: submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 1.92 million (2000) | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 2.2 million (2000) | 0 (1999) |
| Television broadcast stations | 41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997) | NA |
| Terrain | predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | 1.79 children born/woman (2003 est.) | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | 5.3% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| Waterways | 1,609 km
note: of little importance in satisfying total transportation requirements |
none |
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